What are the basic physical or biological needs required for sustaining life called?

The correct term for the basic physical or biological needs required for sustaining life is referred to as "physiological needs." These needs are fundamental to human survival and include essentials such as air, water, food, shelter, sleep, and clothing.

Physiological needs form the foundation of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which categorizes human needs into different levels ranging from basic necessities at the base to higher-level psychological and self-fulfillment needs at the top. Without meeting physiological needs, an individual's ability to function effectively reaches serious limitations, affecting overall health and well-being.

The other terms listed refer to different aspects of human needs. Maslow's needs encompass a broader framework that includes both physiological and psychological needs. Psychological needs generally refer to emotional and mental health needs, such as belonging and self-esteem, while sociological needs pertain to the social aspects of human interaction and relationships. None of these categories focus specifically on the fundamental biological requirements for life as physiological needs do.