What chronic disease affects the nervous system, characterized by motor and sensory dysfunction?

The correct answer is Multiple Sclerosis. This chronic disease specifically targets the central nervous system, leading to a range of neurological symptoms due to the immune system attacking the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers. As a result, individuals with Multiple Sclerosis can experience both motor and sensory dysfunction. The progression and severity of symptoms can vary significantly from person to person, potentially leading to issues with coordination, balance, peripheral sensations, and overall mobility.

In contrast, Parkinson's Disease primarily affects movement through the degradation of dopamine-producing neurons in a specific area of the brain, leading to tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia, but it does not significantly involve sensory dysfunction. Epilepsy involves recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain, indicating a different neurological condition without the broad spectrum of motor and sensory symptoms seen in Multiple Sclerosis. Alzheimer's Disease, primarily associated with cognitive decline and memory loss, mainly affects cognitive function rather than the sensory and motor pathways described in the question.