What does the term 'dorsal' refer to in anatomical terminology?

The term 'dorsal' in anatomical terminology refers specifically to the back of an organism. This term is derived from the Latin word "dorsum," meaning back. In human anatomy, dorsal is often used to describe the back side of the body, as well as structures that are situated towards the back. It is commonly contrasted with the term 'ventral,' which refers to the front or belly side of the body.

For example, when discussing the human body, the spine is considered dorsal, as well as the shoulder blades. Understanding this directional language is essential for accurately describing locations and relationships of different body parts in healthcare and medical education.