What eye disease is characterized by increased intraocular pressure?

The eye disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure is glaucoma. This condition occurs when the drainage system in the eye becomes blocked or when the eye produces too much fluid, leading to a buildup of pressure that can damage the optic nerve. If left untreated, this increased pressure can result in vision loss or blindness.

Glaucoma is often asymptomatic in its early stages, which is why regular eye examinations are crucial for early detection and management. Patients may not notice changes in their vision until significant damage has occurred, making awareness of the disease and its risk factors important for preventive care.

The other conditions listed, such as amblyopia, cataracts, and retinopathy, do not primarily involve the buildup of intraocular pressure as their defining characteristic. Amblyopia is associated with the improper development of vision, cataracts involve clouding of the lens, and retinopathy refers to damage to the retina, often caused by diabetes.