What gland produces hormones and the female sex cell, or ovum?

The ovary is the gland responsible for producing hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which are crucial for female reproductive health. In addition to hormone production, the ovary also generates the female sex cells, known as ova or eggs. This dual function makes the ovary essential for the menstrual cycle, fertility, and overall female reproductive function.

The other options represent different glands with distinct functions: the testis produces sperm and testosterone, the adrenal gland produces a variety of hormones important for stress response and metabolism, and the thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism and energy levels. Thus, the unique role of the ovary in both hormone production and egg development makes it the correct answer in this context.