What is the mathematical process of adjusting numbers to the nearest ten or hundred called?

The mathematical process of adjusting numbers to the nearest ten or hundred is referred to as rounding numbers. This process simplifies calculations and makes it easier to work with large numbers by approximating them to a more manageable figure. For instance, if you round the number 47 to the nearest ten, it becomes 50. Similarly, rounding 132 to the nearest hundred results in 100. This technique plays a significant role in various practical applications, such as budgeting, forecasting, and in everyday situations where exact figures are less critical than an estimate.

Estimating refers to assessing a value or outcome, which may involve rounding but is not solely defined as such. Calculating typically involves precise arithmetic operations rather than adjusting numbers for simplification. Charting is more focused on representing data visually, such as through graphs or tables, rather than the mathematical adjustment of values. Thus, rounding numbers is the most accurate description of the process mentioned in the question.