What is the name of the surgical procedure in which a surgeon uses preoperative and intraoperative images to guide the surgery?

The correct answer is the term "Image-guided surgery (IGS)." This procedure implies the use of advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI, CT scans, or ultrasound, during the surgical process to enhance precision and efficacy. The surgeon relies on both preoperative images, which provide a roadmap of the anatomical structure being treated, and intraoperative images that offer real-time feedback, allowing for better decision-making and minimizing the risk of damage to surrounding tissues.

This technique is particularly valuable in complex surgeries, where accuracy is crucial, such as tumor resections or biopsies, as it allows for more targeted interventions and can result in improved patient outcomes. In contrast, open surgery generally refers to more traditional techniques where the surgeon makes a large incision and may not use imaging guidance. Laparoscopic surgery involves smaller incisions and the use of a camera but does not necessarily include real-time imaging. Robotic surgery is an advanced form of minimally invasive surgery but also does not specifically emphasize the simultaneous use of imaging to guide the procedure in the same manner as IGS does.