What process is characterized by the body's inability to maintain normal acid-base balance?

The process characterized by the body's inability to maintain normal acid-base balance is referred to as acidosis. Acidosis occurs when the pH level of the blood falls below the normal range, indicating an excess of hydrogen ions (H+) or a deficiency of bicarbonate (HCO3-), leading to a more acidic environment in the body. This condition can arise from various underlying issues, such as respiratory failure, renal dysfunction, or increased acid production due to metabolic processes.

Understanding acidosis encompasses recognizing that it is a broad term that can include different types, such as metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis, each with specific causes and mechanisms. The term "acidosis" itself captures the general concept of disturbed acid-base balance in the body, making it the correct choice in this context.