What term describes a social organization where the mother or oldest female is the authority figure?

The term that describes a social organization where the mother or oldest female serves as the authority figure is matriarchal. In a matriarchal system, lineage and inheritance often flow through the female line, and women typically hold positions of power and decision-making within the family and society. This contrasts with a patriarchal system, where the male figure holds primary authority.

Hierarchical refers to a broader system of organization where individuals or groups are ranked according to levels of authority or power, regardless of gender. Fraternal indicates a brotherhood or a system where males are central to social or organizational structures, further distinguishing it from a matriarchal system. Matriarchy specifically emphasizes the female role at the center of social structure and authority.