What term is used to describe the state of being controlled by a habit, especially with substances like drugs or alcohol?

The term that describes the state of being controlled by a habit, particularly regarding substances such as drugs or alcohol, is addiction. Addiction is characterized by the compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences. This condition often includes physical and psychological dependence on the substance, where individuals may experience cravings and withdrawal symptoms when not using the substance.

Addiction also typically involves a loss of control over usage, leading individuals to prioritize substance use over other aspects of life. This definition highlights the profound impact addiction can have on an individual’s health, relationships, and overall well-being, distinguishing it from the other terms listed.

Dependency refers more specifically to the physical dependence on a substance, where the body adapts to the substance's presence, which is an aspect of addiction but not the complete picture. Compulsion relates to an irresistible urge to engage in certain behaviors, while obsession involves persistent thoughts. While these terms are related and can coexist with addiction, they do not encompass the full range of behavioral, physical, and psychological elements that define addiction.