What term refers to the structures that surround and support the teeth?

The term that refers to the structures surrounding and supporting the teeth is the periodontium. This includes the gums, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone, which work together to anchor the teeth in the mouth and maintain their position. The health and integrity of the periodontium are crucial for overall dental health, as conditions affecting these structures, such as periodontal disease, can lead to tooth loss.

The other terms mentioned do not describe the supportive structures of the teeth. The dental arch refers to the curved structure of the upper and lower teeth as they are arranged in the mouth. The maxilla and mandible refer specifically to the upper and lower jawbones, respectively, and while they provide the bony foundation for the teeth, they do not encompass the complete range of supportive structures that are part of the periodontium. Thus, the periodontium is the accurate term reflecting the various components that directly support and sustain the teeth.