What type of diet restricts the number and types of carbohydrates?

The option indicating a carbohydrate-controlled diet is the best choice because this type of diet specifically involves monitoring and limiting the intake of carbohydrates, which can be crucial for managing conditions like diabetes or for weight management. In a carbohydrate-controlled diet, individuals are often guided to choose certain types of carbohydrates over others, focusing on whole grains, vegetables, and fruits while reducing refined sugars and starches.

In contrast, while a ketogenic diet also restricts carbohydrates significantly, its primary goal is to induce a state of ketosis by drastically lowering carbohydrate intake and increasing fat intake. This diet is very specific in its macronutrient ratio and does not simply restrict carbohydrates but rather alters the body's metabolism.

A protein diet emphasizes an increase in protein intake but does not inherently restrict carbohydrates, and a low-fat diet focuses on reducing fat consumption rather than carbohydrates. Therefore, the carbohydrate-controlled diet most accurately reflects a plan that limits both the types and amounts of carbohydrates for specific health purposes.