Which disease is characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and deterioration of intellectual function?

Alzheimer's disease is primarily characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and the gradual deterioration of intellectual function. It is a progressive neurological disorder that affects various cognitive abilities, most notably memory, reasoning, and the ability to perform everyday tasks. People with Alzheimer's may initially experience mild memory lapses, escalating to more severe cognitive impairments where they may struggle with recognizing familiar faces or navigating familiar environments.

While dementia is a broader term that encompasses a range of symptoms including memory loss and cognitive decline, Alzheimer's is a specific form of dementia, distinguished by its unique pathology and progression. Other conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, may involve cognitive changes, but are primarily associated with motor symptoms and other features that do not define Alzheimer’s disease. This makes Alzheimer's disease the most fitting choice when highlighting the specific symptoms of memory loss and deterioration of intellectual function.