Which of the following statements best describes the function of melanin?

Melanin is a pigment predominantly found in the skin, hair, and eyes, and its primary function is to provide protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. When skin is exposed to UV rays, melanin absorbs some of this radiation, reducing the risk of DNA damage in skin cells, which can lead to skin cancer. The amount and type of melanin in an individual's skin determine their skin color and influence their susceptibility to sunburn and other UV-related skin damages.

The other options focus on functions that are not related to melanin. Digestion involves various organs and enzymes that break down food, nerve impulse transmission is managed by neurons and neurotransmitters, and body temperature regulation is primarily the role of the hypothalamus and the circulatory system. Therefore, the role of melanin in protecting the skin from harmful UV radiation makes it a crucial element in maintaining skin health and preventing related diseases.