Which part of a neuron is primarily responsible for receiving signals from other cells?

The part of a neuron primarily responsible for receiving signals from other cells is the dendrites. Dendrites are tree-like extensions that branch out from the neuron's cell body. They are equipped with specialized receptors that detect neurotransmitters released from neighboring neurons, allowing them to receive and integrate incoming signals. This process is crucial for neuronal communication and the overall functioning of the nervous system.

The axon, while essential for transmitting signals away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles, does not play a role in receiving signals. The cell body contains the nucleus and organelles, serving as the metabolic center of the neuron, but it does not have the function of signal reception. The myelin sheath is a protective covering that surrounds the axon, enhancing the speed of signal transmission, but it does not participate in receiving signals. Thus, the correct identification of dendrites highlights their key role in the initial stages of neuronal communication.