Which structure in the body is responsible for housing and protecting the heart and lungs?

The thoracic cavity is responsible for housing and protecting the heart and lungs. This cavity is located in the chest and is bounded by the rib cage, which provides a protective structure around these vital organs. The thoracic cavity includes the pleural cavities, which contain the lungs, and the mediastinum, which houses the heart, major blood vessels, trachea, and esophagus. The design of the thoracic cavity allows for the expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing while ensuring that the heart is shielded from external impacts.

In contrast, the abdominal cavity primarily contains organs related to digestion, such as the stomach and intestines. The pelvic cavity contains structures associated with reproduction and the excretory system. The cranial cavity encases the brain. Therefore, the thoracic cavity’s role in protecting and supporting both the heart and lungs makes it the correct answer for this question.